Human Security in World Affairs: Problems and Opportunities (2nd edition)

Book Description: This first and only university textbook of human security, intended as an introductory text from senior undergraduate level up, and includes chapters by 24 authors that encompass the full spectrum of disciplines contributing to the human security field. It is based on the four-pillar model of socio-political security, economic security, environmental security and health security. The chapters include learning outcomes, extension activities, and suggested readings; a comprehensive glossary lists key terms used throughout the book. This textbook can be used in courses on international studies and relations, political studies, history, human geography, anthropology and human ecology, futures studies, applied social studies, public health, and more.

1. How to Read, Access, and Use This Textbook

   1. Overview
   2. How to Read This Book Online
   3. How to Use Different Formats
   4. Tips for Using This Textbook

2. Accessibility Statement

   1. Accessibility features of the web version of this resource
   2. Other file formats available
   3. Known accessibility issues and areas for improvement
   4. Accessibility standards
   5. Let us know if you are having problems accessing this guide

3. About BCcampus Open Education

4. List of Figures

5. List of Tables

6. Preface

   1. Preface to the Second Edition
   2. Preface to the First Edition of Human Security

7. Acknowledgements

8. I. Main Body

   1. 1. Introduction

      1. Summary
      2. 1.1 Ontology of the Human Security Concept – Cross-cutting Themes
      3. 1.2 Current Challenges – New Questions
      4. 1.3 The Future of Human Security
      5. 1.4 This Textbook
      6. Resources and References

   2. 2. Human Security Foundation Documents and Related Resources

      1. Summary
      2. 2.1 Origins and Development of the Human Security Concept
      3. 2.2 General Foundation Documents for Human Security
      4. 2.3 Key Recurring Resource Documents, Publications and Websites
      5. Resources and References

   3. 3. Why Human Security Needs Our Attention

      1. Summary
      2. 3.1 Introduction
      3. 3.2 What Do We Mean by ‘Human Security’?
      4. 3.3 How We Got to Where We Are Today
      5. 3.4 In What Ways Are Humans the Most Dangerous Species
      6. 3.5 So, How Did We Get into This Mess?
      7. 3.6 Addressing the Challenges
      8. 3.7 Concluding Comment
      9. Resources and References
      10. Long Descriptions

   4. 4. Conflicting Perspectives

      1. Summary
      2. 4.1 Introduction
      3. 4.2 On Globalisation
      4. 4.3 Human Rights and Human Security
      5. 4.4 Notes from an Ethnography
      6. 4.5 A Hierarchy of Needs?
      7. 4.6 The West and the Rest?
      8. 4.7 Freedom of Religion, Freedom from Religion
      9. 4.8 Conclusion – Paradoxes of Universality
      10. Resources and References

   5. 5. Threats to Human Security

      1. Summary
      2. 5.1 Introduction
      3. 5.2 Assessing Human Security
      4. 5.3 Violent Conflict as a Threat to Human Security
      5. 5.4 Other Threats to Human Security
      6. 5.5 Conclusions
      7. Resources and References

   6. 6. Human Security in the Context of International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law

      1. Summary
      2. 6.1 Introduction
      3. 6.2 Situations in Which the Protective Measures Will Apply
      4. 6.3 Who and What Are Protected?
      5. 6.4 Means and Methods of Warfare
      6. 6.5 Different Responsibility Regimes, Core International Crimes and Enforcement Options
      7. 6.6 Conclusion: The Future of the Responsibility Regimes
      8. Resources and References

   7. 7. Individuals and Groups Outside of the State System

      1. Summary
      2. 7.1 Introduction
      3. 7.2 Individuals and Groups Outside of the State
      4. 7.3 Alienated Citizenship and Sub-state Terrorism
      5. 7.4 Counter Terrorism, Human Rights and Human Security
      6. 7.5 Conclusion
      7. Resources and References

   8. 8. Political Hybridity and Human Security in Post-colonial and Post-conflict State Building / Rebuilding

      1. Summary
      2. 8.1 Introduction
      3. 8.2 Enhancing State Resilience and Promoting Human Security
      4. 8.3 The Quest for Human Security in Insecure and Fragile States
      5. 8.4 Diagnosing Vulnerability and Preventing State Failure
      6. 8.5 Promoting Human Security in Weak States
      7. 8.6 Hybrid Political Orders
      8. 8.7 Community Sources of Legitimacy
      9. 8.8 Centrality of Context
      10. 8.9 Conclusions
      11. Resources and References
      12. Long Descriptions

   9. 9. Climate Change and Human Security

      1. Summary
      2. 9.1 Introduction
      3. 9.2 Current and Future Risks to Human Security
      4. 9.3 Major Culprits and Victims of Climate Change
      5. 9.4 Barriers to Counteracting Climate Change
      6. 9.5 Achieving Climate Justice as the Way Forward
      7. Resources and References
      8. Long Descriptions

   10. 10. Human Security and Resource Scarcity

       1. Summary
       2. 10.1 Introduction
       3. 10.2 Resource Scarcity Through the Ages
       4. 10.3 Understanding Resource Scarcity
       5. 10.4 Tragedy of the Commons
       6. 10.5 Social Traps
       7. 10.6 Understanding Complex Systems
       8. 10.7 Resource Scarcity and Conflict
       9. 10.8 Human Security in the Face of Resource Scarcity
       10. 10.9 Case Studies in Water Scarcity
       11. Resources and References

   11. 11. Our War Against Nature: Ontology, Cognition and a Constricting Paradigm

       1. Summary
       2. 11.1 Introduction: Defining Terms, Posing Questions
       3. 11.2 Reality, Science and Revolutions in Our Thinking
       4. 11.3 Seeing the Complexity of Nature
       5. 11.4. Seeing Ourselves in Life’s Larger Context
       6. 11.5 The ‘War Against Nature’
       7. 11.6 Understanding How and Why We Continue to Wage ‘Our War Against Nature’ and Reversing Course
       8. 11.7 Becoming Reflexive: Rethinking ‘Who’ We Are, Breaking Free of a Constricting Paradigm, Ending the ‘War’
       9. Resources and References

   12. 12. Our War Against Nature: Letters from the Front

       1. Summary
       2. PART I: The Assault on Organisms and Ecosystems
       3. 12.1 Introduction: Welcome to the Anthropocene!
       4. 12.2 Animal Armageddon
       5. 12.3 The Fraying of Food Webs
       6. 12.4 Assault on the Oceans: Chemical and Physical Changes
       7. PART II: The Human Footprint
       8. 12.5 The Human Footprint: Population
       9. 12.6 The Human Footprint: Consumption
       10. 12.7 Money Games: Chasing the Symbol
       11. 12.8 Who Are We?
       12. Resources and References

   13. 13. Transnational Crime

       1. Summary
       2. 13.1 International Crime or Transnational Crime? Some Definitions
       3. 13.2 Globalization and Transnational Crime
       4. 13.3 The Economic Scale of Transnational Crime
       5. 13.4 The Threat of Transnational Crime
       6. 13.5 Transnational Crime as a Human Security Threat
       7. 13.6 Trafficking in Persons
       8. 13.7 International Efforts to Address Transnational Crime
       9. 13.8 Regional Efforts to Address Transnational Crime
       10. 13.9 Sovereignty, Security or Sentiment? Solving Transnational Crime
       11. Resources and References

   14. 14. Recalling the Significance of Local Governance to Human Security in Illiberal Sub-Saharan African Contexts

       1. Summary
       2. 14.1 Introduction
       3. 14.2 Post-Cold War Realities in Sub-Saharan Africa Versus Africanist Scholarship
       4. 14.3 Assessing Value
       5. 14.4 Making Historical Comparisons
       6. 14.5 Conclusion: Recalling the Significance of Local Government Institutions
       7. Resources and References

   15. 15. Issues with Human Rights Violations

       1. Summary
       2. 15.1 What Human Rights?
       3. 15.2 Two Kinds of Human Rights Differ in Their Relation to Human Security
       4. 15.3 How Important Are Grantable Human Rights to Human Security?
       5. 15.4 How Can Human Rights Be Strengthened?
       6. 15.5 Human Rights Education
       7. Resources and References

   16. 16. Developing Good Governance

       1. Summary
       2. 16.1 Introduction
       3. 16.2 Sustainable Development and Human Security
       4. 16.3 The Principle of Sustainability
       5. 16.4 Governance for Sustainability
       6. 16.5 The Role of Civil Society
       7. 16.6 The Earth Charter: A Framework for Global Governance
       8. 16.7 Conclusion
       9. Resources and References
       10. Long Descriptions

   17. 17. Health Security in the Context of Social-ecological Change

       1. Summary
       2. 17.1 Introduction
       3. 17.2 What Are Health and Health Security?
       4. 17.3 Coupled Social-ecological Systems and Implications for Health Security
       5. 17.4 Case Examples Linking Social-ecological Insights with Human Security in Particular Bioregions
       6. 17.5 Discussion
       7. 17.6 Conclusion
       8. Resources and References
       9. Long Descriptions

   18. 18. Empowering International Human Security Regimes

       1. Summary
       2. 18.1 Introduction
       3. 18.2 Modern International Law
       4. 18.3 Making International Law
       5. 18.4 Laws of War
       6. 18.5 Laws of Peace: Human Rights
       7. 18.6 International Legal Institutions
       8. 18.7 The Responsibility to Protect (R2P)
       9. 18.8 Conclusion
       10. Resources and References

   19. 19. Conflict Transformation and Peace Processes: Peace Without Justice Is Just a Ceasefire

       1. Summary
       2. 19.1 Introduction: What Do We Mean by ‘Transforming’ Conflict?
       3. 19.2 From Peace Treaties to Peace Processes: Conflict and Peace in Historical Perspective
       4. 19.3 Four Peace Processes
       5. 19.4 Post-conflict Conditions Today
       6. 19.5 Assessing Conflict Transformation in Four Peace Processes
       7. Resources and References

   20. 20. Human Security and Global Environmental Governance

       1. Summary
       2. 20.1 Introduction
       3. 20.2 Defining Global Environmental Governance
       4. 20.3 Global Environmental Governance and Human Security
       5. 20.4 The Future of Global Environmental Governance and Human Security
       6. Resources and References

   21. 21. Conclusions, Prospects, Futures

       1. Summary
       2. 21.1 Human Security in World Affairs: Challenges
       3. 21.2 Human Security in World Affairs: Opportunities
       4. 21.3 Besides Environmental Sustainability, What Other Aspects of Human Security Need Improvement?
       5. Resources and References

9. Glossary of Terms and Definitions

10. Authors’ Biographical Information

    1. Paul Bellamy, MA
    2. Klaus Bosselmann, PhD
    3. Malcolm Brown, PhD
    4. Chris Buse, MA. PhD
    5. Kevin P. Clements, PhD
    6. Donald Charles Cole, MH. MD. PhD
    7. Thomas F. Ditzler, MA. MD. PhD
    8. Richard Gehrmann, PhD
    9. Kathryn A. Gwiazdon, JD. Esq.
    10. Patricia R. Hastings, MD.
    11. Ronnie Hawkins, MD. PhD
    12. Anna Hayes, PhD
    13. Christopher LaMonica, MA. PhD
    14. Sabina W. Lautensach, MA. PhD
    15. Alexander K. Lautensach, MSc. MScT. PhD,
    16. Samantha Maesel
    17. Jeffrey S. Morton, MA. PhD
    18. Margot W. Parkes, MBChB. MAS. PhD
    19. Richard Plate, PhD
    20. Donald Spady, MD. MSc. FRCP(C)
    21. Hennie Strydom, PhD
    22. Cherry Tsoi, MSc.
    23. Franke Wilmer, PhD
    24. John Wilson, MA. PhD

11. Versioning History